Poetry is.............

A2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

UNIT 4 INDEPENDENT STUDY THROUGH

POETRY – AN INTRODUCTION

Poetry is……………….

“Poetry, the best words in the best order”                          S.T. Coleridge

“Poetry is the art of using words charged with their upmost meaning”                    Dana Gioia

“It should strike the reader of a wording of his own highest thoughts and appear almost a remembrance”                            John Keats

“Poetry is truth seen with passion”                          W.B. Yeats

“Poetry cannot be defined, only experienced”                  C Logue

“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin in emotion recollected in  tranquillity”                           William Wordsworth

“It is a widening of consciousness, an extension of humanity”                    David Constantine

“A poem should not mean

But be”                                 Archibald MacLeith

“Poetry is that

which arrives at the intellect

by way of the heart”                      R.S. Thomas

“Poetry is a way of talking about things that frighten you”                            Mick Imlah

Poetry is “a little concoction of words against death”                       Miroslav Holub

“In the dark times

Will there also be singing?

Yes. There will also be singing

About the dark times”                   Bertolt Brecht

“In the deserts of the heart

Let the healing fountain start

In the prison of his days

Teach the freeman how to praise”                           W.B. Yeats

“Poetry is a zoo in which you keep demons and angels”                 Les Murray

“Poetry is the voice of spirit and imagination and all that is potential as well as of the healing benevolence that used to be the privilege of the Gods”                            Ted Hughes

“To see a world in a grain of sand

And a heaven in a wild flower

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand

And eternity in an hour”                               William Blake

“These fragments I have shored against my ruin”                             T.S. Eliot

“Poetry comes out of wonder, not out of knowing”                         Lucille Clifton

“Poetry is a place where all the fundamental questions are asked about the human condition”                  Charles Simic

“Poetry is a brilliant vibrating interface between the human and the non-human”                            Edwin Morgan

“Poetry can tell us what human beings are”                         Maya Angelou

A2 LL - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - CHECKLIST

A2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND TEXT PRODUCTION

FRAMEWORKS – A CHECKLIST

WRITTEN MODE NON FICTION e.g. Letter, Magazine article, Newspaper article, Diary, biography, autobiography, travel writing, speeches	AUDIENCE the audience the writer targets. This could be general, specific, young or old, male or female. There maybe two specific audiences e.g. children and their parents	GRAMMAR e.g. Verbs/adverbs: nouns - concrete, abstract, pronouns: adjectives, comparatives, superlatives	POETIC IMAGERY Visual images create strong vivid, life like mental impressions in a readers imagination e.g. metaphor, simile, personification
WRITTEN MODE FICTION – consider 1st /3rd person narrator, setting, character, theme, plot, structure	PURPOSE generally texts inform, persuade, entertain, instruct [remember that a text will have a main purpose and at least one other secondary purpose] But each individual text will have a specific purpose e.g. to create vivid	REGISTER e.g. Informal - colloquial, slang, accent,  contractions, ellipsis, elision, expletives Formal- objective, unemotional, complete sentences, correct grammar, appropriate lexis	POETIC PHONOLOGY sound patterning creates harmony. Usually the effect is pleasing but can be used to create tension e.g. alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeia, assonance, rhythm, sibilance See London and Composed
WRITTEN MODE POETRY – consider genre e.g. sonnet, ballad, lyric Form – iambic pentameter, blank verse, stanza, quatrain, free verse		SYNTAX e.g. Sentence types complex, compound, simple Sentence functions declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory Sentence structures Subject, object, main clause, subordinate clause	RHETORICAL DEVICES  e.g. list of three, contrasting pair, direct address, repetition, emotive language, lists, emotive language, hyperbole
WRITING STYLE e.g. descriptive, dialogue, reflective, monologue, narrative – action		LEXIS e.g. denotations, connotations, simple, complex, emotive, rational, neutral, lexical field, low/high frequency, polysyllabic, monosyllabic
SPOKEN MODE e.g. non-fluency features e.g. false starts, fillers, repetition, pauses fluency features e.g. adjacency pairs, discourse markers, signposting, latch on

OTHELLO - QUOTES AND CONTEXTS

A2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

PRE 1800 LITERATURE

OTHELLO – QUOTATIONS

Find a quotation from the play to illustrate key characters of the play.

FEATURE	QUOTATION	COMMENT	REF
Empowered Desdemona
Othello’s pride
Iago’s insider knowledge
Emilia’s pragmatic and  worldly view
Gullible Rodrigo

Find a quotation from the play to support these views of character’s in the play.

CRITIC	CRITIC’S QUOTATION	QUOTATION / COMMENT
Estelle Taylor	“The ironic equation is that all the character mistake illusion for reality.”
Ben Okri	“Othello didn’t begin as a play about race, history has made it one.”
Peter Sellars	“People abandon their whole belief system – Othello does this because of his pride.”
Samuel Taylor Coleridge	“the motive hunting of motiveless malignity – Iago is without a cause, but consumed by hate.”
A.C. Bradley	“evil has nowhere else been portrayed with such mastery as in the evil character of Iago.”

Find a quotation to present a key theme in the play.

FEATURE	QUOTATION	COMMENT	REF
Jealousy
Appearance and reality
Civilisation and barbarism
Private and public
Isolation

Find contextual and other comments to make about the quotations listed below

QUOTATION	CONTEXTUAL COMMENT	OTHER *COMMENT
“O, I have lost my reputation”
“tis proper I obey him, but not now. Perchance, Iago I will ne’er go home.”
“Damn her, lewd minx! O, damn her!”
“You have told me she has received them , and returned me expectations and comforts of sudden respect and acquaintance”
“I am no strumpet, but of life as honest / as you that thus abuse me.”

*Make a comment from critics, theoretical perspectives, or alternative interpretations